chapter notes kite runner 1-9 - 1031 Words

Chapter Notes For Kite Runner Chapter 1 Dec 2001 Narrator is 12 years old sort of a flashback Set in 1975 â€Å" looking back now I realize I have been peeking into that deserted alley for the past twenty six years.† This quote tells us that he is now currently maybe 26 years of age Narrator is found talking about his past when Rahim Khan tells him â€Å"there is a way to be good again† pg 1 Current location is SanFrancisco Narrator remember someone named Hassan and this quote â€Å" for you a thousand times over† Chapter 2 set in Kabul Hassan his friend is described as very loyal and kind towards others Hassan has a harelip Location Wazir Akbar Khan district Ali is a servant Rahim Khan is business partner †¦show more content†¦Hassan and Amir hug in celebration, but Amir is told off by Baba. Hassan runs off to run the kite and Amir follows him shortly after being congratulated by everyone. Hassan is nowhere to be found and Amir is starting to get worried because of that. He asks a merchant in the Bazaar whether he had seen a Hazara boy running around. He is told by the Merchant that the boy is going south but also that the boys following him have probably caught him by now Amir finds Hassan in an alley way surrounded by Assef and his gang where they have pinned Hassan down and are asking him to give them the kite Hassan refuses and says that he has ran the kite fairly and it belongs to Amir Assef says that if he doesn’t give him the kite he will get hurt Amir is about to say something but does instead Amir has a flashback about his nurse who took care of Amir and Hassan and how the fed from the same breast and how when they went to a fortune teller Amir got his told but when Hassan wanted his to be told the man gave back his money and said sorry Assef and his friends brutally sexually harass Hassan and then leave. Later Hassan encounters Amir and is covered in blood. They both don’t say a word and decide that it is best that this event is kept a secret WhenShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY

Software-Effect of Cultural Differences Free Essays

Effect of Cultural Differences on Software Development A culture could be defined as the predominating attitudes and behaviour that characterizes the functioning of a group or organization. Through this paper we would like to address the effect of culture in the field of software development and one of the most commonly used model for development of a software Rapid Action Development (RAD). No matter what culture you are a part of; to develop software, a development model has to be followed. We will write a custom essay sample on Software-Effect of Cultural Differences or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two different types of culture which affect the software development. 1. Culture difference between countries – People from different geographies think, act and react differently. There is no scientific relation between how two different individuals think or act on a given situation or scenario. It requires careful planning and judgement when working with an individual from a different culture. Some things might be normal for us but may be offending to someone else. With the advent of IT, the world is fast turning into a global village, the distances are diminishing. In such a scenario it’s expected that our colleagues can be from any part of the world. Hence it becomes all the more important to behave in a culturally sensitive manner. Negotiations with potential clients are more likely to succeed when concerned parties understand the reason for difference in view points. Fifty years ago, majority of the population lived in the same region they were born and employed in a single profession throughout their lives. The reality of working in a global company is almost the exact opposite. Employees of TCS interact and coordinate with colleagues in different time zones, in a foreign language and in global workgroups with members in distant countries. In order to make cross-cultural global cooperation work, cross-cultural competencies must be strengthened. Cultural differences, which can be seen, tasted, felt, smelled or heard, are not the ones that cause difficulties. It is the invisible cultural differences that create misunderstandings – different value systems, attitudes, beliefs and expectations. To adopt a more customer centric approach, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is training all its employees to speak and understand at least one foreign language in a bid to become a global player in the knowledge sector. The move is not only limited to learn a language but also to make them conversant with other soft skills like culture and etiquette of at least one foreign country. Considering the diversity in cultures, our own experience with a North American based bank can be taken as an example here. This North American bank and Tata Consultancy Services have matured processes. Though a model driven approach is followed in both the companies, certain cultural factors are observed during the Software Development Life Cycle. Working in a multi-cultural environment for this North American bank has forced us to think about the cultural differences in software development. This bank is globalised in a true sense. We, Indians are currently working with colleagues from Greece, Sri Lanka, Russia, Romania and China. Where else would you get people of such diversity working towards one common goal of driving the business of the bank? 2. Culture of the organisation – Organisational culture lays out the values, beliefs, attitude and experience of a company. It may have been created unconsciously to align with the beliefs of the founder or top management personnel. The organisational culture we would like to describe here is of Closed Source and Open Source software development companies. Both these streams have their own beliefs and end goals. Main objective of a Closed Source organisation is profit and that precisely is the motive that drives these organisations. There strategy revolves around expanding their customer base and increasing the value of there stocks on the contrary Open Source organisations are non commercial in nature and the developers who participate do more for creative satisfaction than anything else. It’s just that the path they have chosen to conduct there business. Both the approaches have their own pros and cons. ? Model for Software Development The Rapid Application Development methodology was developed to respond to the need of delivering systems very quickly. Rapid Application Development, or RAD, began as a software development process developed in the 1980s. It is a methodology that involves iterative design, prototypes, and the use of CASE tools. RAD was designed as a response to previously limiting models, such as the waterfall method. The culture of an organization is a critical success factor in its process improvement efforts. â€Å"Culture† includes a set of shared values and principles that guide the behaviors, activities, priorities, and decisions. Due to RAD’s focus on quick delivery, certain project characteristics need to exist to facilitate the RAD processes: 1. Scope – focused scope with well-defined business objectives 2. Data – data already exists and focus is on analyzing and reporting that data 3. Team Size – very small, 6 or less 4. Technical Architecture – in place and tested 5. Technical Requirements – reasonable and within capabilities of technology being used Further, RAD requires management approval acceptance of certain tools, such as prototyping, iteration, and time boxing. Key Features of RAD RAD is composed of elements that are not new but are proven strategies. RAD differentiates itself from other systems analysis tools through its use of synergistic approaches based on the theory that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. A. JAD – RAD utilizes facilitated workgroup sessions known as Joint Application Development sessions. JAD sessions are crucial in that they allow impartial facilitators to become part of the design process without becoming involved in the design decisions. Further, the use of JAD sessions, within RAD atmosphere, has been shown to dramatically reduce development costs and development time JAD facilitates the ultimate communication sessions and results in increased development success. We expect that professional software developers know how to do the â€Å"thing† right. Doing the right thing, though, requires an unambiguous understanding of what your customer expects. Proficiency of the English language becomes a key for all part of the project. Traditionally Business has been driven by market leaders like US and UK, by investing large sums of money in new ideas and emerging markets. Among India’s huge population of 1. 1 billion people, Hindi is the dominant and official language. Yet it’s important to note that, as a result of Britain’s long colonial involvement in India, an estimated 4% of the populace speaks English. This might not sound like much, but when you do the math, it turns out that you’re actually talking about 40+ million people, which makes India one of the largest English speaking countries in the world. This is one of the major reasons for the growth of IT and the ability of software companies from India to deliver consistently on time and with acceptable quality. B. Incremental Development – Like JAD, incremental development is nothing new and was developed in the mid 1980’s. It’s believed that anything that passed 90 days of development missed the business opportunity window. The idea was to take the overall project and break it down into smaller pieces that can be analyzed, designed, and delivered incredibly faster than the original approach. RAD uses the 80/20 rule, which says that 80% of the value can be delivered with 20% of the application. By focusing on the required 20% of the application they are able to deliver the product with lighting speed. Systems analysts take advantage of constant feedback with the use of incremental development. The incremental delivery of prototypes allows the user to easily communicate what they actually want to the analyst. Through the use of incremental development, the user and the analyst approach a level playing field in terms of system requirements. With the growth of economies of the world, customers are aware about the complexities and with markets being opened up to globalization, the customer is able to convey his requirements to the analyst and this is translated to a solution C. Case Technology – Case technology is the third RAD element. Case has added new impetus to the JAD movement. With its emphasis on planning, analysis and design documentation capabilities, and a graphics language understood by both user and developer, Case both demands clearer communications and provides the idiom for it D. Small Teams- The last key element of RAD is the use of small teams of highly skilled and motivated people. Common sense tells us that bright, motivated people are likely to be highly productive. The only problem is finding those people! RAD seems to be applicable to most IS environments. It is especially appropriate when requirements are not well understood or easily pre-specified, as with many so-called â€Å"front office† departmental computing applications. In contrast, applications that depend on algorithmic complexity or require significant pre-specification, such as aerospace and defence systems, probably lend themselves less well to RAD methods. Management of RAD teams is by motivation towards achieving the optimum business solution. Those who see RAD as â€Å"seat-of-the-pants† development have missed its most critical aspects and will find themselves creating bad applications rapidly (or creating good applications without infrastructure, leading to bad systems and high maintenance overhead). RAD only makes sense after Case methods, JAD techniques and disciplined software processes have been established. 1. Effect of National Culture on Software development A. High Context Vs Low Context culture – Tasks are broken down to a detailed level, within each project, with dependencies identified and risk associated with each of the task, Stakeholders and reviewers would come to a common platform to evaluate the tasks, the time assigned to each task, the perceived risk and the mitigation strategy to be adopted. Though this being one of the crucial aspects of the project lifecycle, the team has noticed that the discussion tends to be prolonged with some meeting attendees trying to digress the topic in hand to more trivial issues. This is dependent on the project manager assigned to the project in guiding the team to delve into the more the tasks in hand and arriving at a logical decision point. A detailed discussion is carried out to implement any change in a truly low-context fashion. For we as Indians have a habit of assuming some things in a high context manner. This approach of targeting any issue in a detailed manner was the biggest difference in the initial days. All the stakeholders in a meeting narrate out their requirements and clearing out confusing details and finding out the real facts about something. The first and foremost difference observed during our day to day life is the detail and model driven approach implemented in this bank. This detail driven approach tends to increase the timelines of software delivery but improves the quality a little. Quality is of utmost importance when it comes to building software’s for banking solutions, aviation, nuclear plant etc. At the start of a project itself the cost of quality should be determined as to much effort would be sufficient. An optimum level of quality if sufficient would reduce the timelines as well as save the cost of resources which could be utilised later for another initiative. B. Personal Vs Professional life North American way of life tends to support a lifestyle to accommodate personal interests of an individual. Expanding ones hobbies, participating in cultural and outdoor activities apart from professional work. Life in the BRIC countries is more tuned to professional growth of an individual with respect to the socio-economic fabric in the society. Boom in the software and its ancillary divisions is contributing to the growth in the per capita income and has lessened the gap from the haves and the have-nots. Job security in the BRIC countries is growing and is helping the individuals to build a life beyond their workstations. BRIC countries are now opening their market to the world, has brought in influx of capital, work culture from Multi national software companies. All said and done the economic structure of BRIC countries are still not mature enough to allow individual to look far beyond their professional boundaries. It is happening but will take some time before it becomes a part of life. Being more inclined towards their professional life rather than personal the work force of BRIC countries delivers the same product as offered by Western country at a much reduced timeline as well as at a throw away price. This dedication though is having its toll on the work force which tend to be more unsatisfied with there job than there western counterparts. C. Income and Demographics Demography is observed to be playing an important role in the way the world is shifting work. The large impact of this change is observed on Information Systems. The average age of a professional is much more in western countries than in the BRIC countries. Young work force in BRIC countries tend to pick up things faster, readily adapt to different situations and work environment and importantly are available at a relatively lower cost than those in developed countries The decline in working-age population and unavailability of resources on emerging technologies in developed countries is leading to a large shift of the work to the BRIC countries. A young resource in India can learn under the guided training programs and implement the emerging technologies with ease whereas the learning curve of an individual in a western country is much longer span of time. Apart from this due to difference in the economic value of the currency of the western and BRIC countries, the companies in BRIC countries are able to provide same software solutions at a much lower cost as compared to the companies in developed countries. This is a win-win situation for both the client and the vendor, client is able to get solution at a cheaper cost and the vendor generates more revenues. D. Innovative approach The people in developed countries tend to be more innovative than the one’s in the BRIC countries. Being Innovative is encouraged and is a part of life. With their stable economic background and sufficient fund to promote any aspiring talent they encourage a lot of research and development activities. Most of the new path breaking companies and softwares are developed by western countries. The work force of BRIC countries do not lack the talent but the problem lies in the economy of the country which still require international funds to cater to the needs of its growing population. The software companies in these countries tend to pick up service oriented assignments, as they can be easily executed and it brings in much required funds to develop the economy of the country. Any innovation is these countries are mainly due to an inspired individual alone with little or no support from the government. We can take the example of a country like Israel which being so small in size still has a high innovation quotient. The North American bank for which we work has only two employees working in the performance test lab but still they have sanctioned a few million dollars to buy a quality centre tool. There were no long meetings or debate to discuss the viability of the adventure. Top management thought that the tool may be handy and hence they approved. They could have done that only because they were backed by a department worth billions of dollars. 2. Organisational culture differences Since inception, Organisations have a culture where a hierarchical line of authority is maintained. These hierarchies have in fact ensured that work is done where the collective abilities the companies’ employees are harnessed and a finished product is thus deployed. Compare this against a massive online community in a virtual organization where the employees are spread across the globe, exploiting the power of communication and collaboration in a gigantic manner. Millions of employees of a virtual organisations use blogs, wikis, chat rooms and personal broadcasting mediums to add their voice to a constructive medium of dialogue. Thanks to Internet, masses of people outside the boundaries of traditional hierarchies can innovate to produce content, goods and services. This paradigm shift in the culture of an organisation, vanishing of the hierarchies is having enormous impact on Software development as well. They contribute to this organisation thereby prepare a finished product – including cars, airplanes – which are perceived to be some of the most complex products. Software majors in India including Tata Consultancy Services are handling the outsourced work of major aircraft manufactures. TCS has a blogosphere for its employees where more than a hundred thousand of its employees share their thoughts on various topics to guide the company to the next generation of software Development. This is a cultural shift started by the Open Source movement to challenge the monopoly of some players in the development and deployment of software. Thousands of employees of TCS collaborate in real time, exchange ideas with the CTO of the company reading and commenting on some of them. One of the writers of this paper has more than 100 videos on the internet with three hundred thousand views so far and the number is growing day by day. Thanks to Internet, masses of people outside the boundaries of traditional hierarchies can innovate to produce content, goods and services. This paradigm shift in the culture of an organisation, vanishing of the hierarchies is having enormous impact on Software development as well. They contribute to this organisation thereby prepare a finished product – including cars, airplanes – which are perceived to be some of the most complex products. Below we compare some of the features of an Open Source vs. Closed Source culture. A. Open Source projects TCS using Open Source Culture to its full potential The firm of the future needs to be a people-intensive firm. In the new Open Source culture, managers need to give due consideration to future threats and depend more than ever on human imagination, creativity and initiative. Twenty First Century Software majors in India including Tata Consultancy Services are handling the outsourced work of major aircraft manufactures. This aircraft manufacturing major has taken the collaboration to a new level by engaging its peer in a real time manner. Firm of the Future The organisation that will excel in the next generation will be the one that recognises information as a major resource and knowledge as an important structure in and of itself. This organisation will use information and knowledge as efficiently as it does its other resources and assets. The difference between success and failure in an Open Culture will be about sharing enough of the right information about designs and methods. The intellectual and knowledge management will be the toughest challenges for the firms in the coming years. Information is a resource like money and material. It has a cost and value. It is less understood because it is less tangible. The unique character of information is that its supply is useless. The future firms need to fathom this fact that information becomes more valuable with use and when properly applied can greatly enhance the use of other resources. A big chunk of the workforce for these companies will come from Generation Y (Born between 1980 and 1995). The Gen Y associate on an average would have better exposure to emerging trends and would have a global outlook. As the Global Delivery Model for the software firms matures, the employees of such companies would increasingly find themselves working in culturally diverse distributed teams. While this is an exception today, soon this can become the norm. Collaborative Software Development platforms can become a norm and accelerate this trend. Thus the firm of the future and in particular the software firm needs to inculcate the open source culture as it is here to stay. The changing demographics, advent of internet, the collaborative features of Web2. 0 will give way to new ways of working and collaborating. The cultural inertia has to fade off to stay in the competition. We won’t be surprised if TCS employees start introducing themselves as â€Å"I am a TCSer working in project XYZ and member of the TCS Java and oracle blogging community†. These informal affiliations can gain enterprise wide legitimacy. Advantages of the mass collaboration culture ?Reduction of Cost: One of the foremost advantages of adopting the Open culture is its monetary benefits. The sole and whole purpose of driving this cultural change, fading off the cultural inertia and adopting new ways of developing the same thing is that it reduces cost for companies who are adopting and driving this change. For IBM alone who along with Red Hat was one of the few companies to join the Open source bandwagon, the cost reduction is $900 million annually. Self-organised Operating System like Linux marshals the efforts of thousands of scattered individuals, sometimes in miraculous ways. ?More user involvement: Let us take an example of user involvement from the Mozilla Firefox Internet browser. After the elimination of Netscape, Microsoft has not experienced any real competition in the web browser market. But now, the introduction of Mozilla Firefox, an open source Web browser that allows users to alter the code and create plug-ins and customized extensions that the users can download. We put on our thinking hats on for the TCS web mail which we use extensively. Some of the major disadvantages observed in the web mail are that †¢The user interface is clunky in that it is poorly designed from a user perspective. †¢The UI has several unused features. So the TCS innovation lab came up with a script which quickly put together a script that runs this into this as illustrated in the screen prints below. ? ? Not to mention this is only applicable to an Open source browser like Mozilla firefox which hinges on the user creativity and imagination. This might act as a starting point where many of the internal One might be tempted to question the whole deal behind this small example given above. The big deal is that the future of software development lies in delivering Service Oriented, semantically correct systems that allow end users to tweak their user experience. So what else is possible for TCS like Software Development companies in the future? †¢Project Leader specific customizations and generation of reports. †¢Bringing the timesheet page on the front page of the internal website on Fridays only. †¢Right click Employee Number and be presented with a palette of information such as â€Å"Lowest/Highest rating received by the employee†, â€Å"Employee basic information†. This shows that if one does not stay current with the users, they invent around you, creating opportunities for competitors. ?More power to the end user In the software industry, publishing code on the internet has enabled companies to focus the shift to applications, integration and services. By using peer production to involve way more people who are external to the organisations, a futuristic firm can develop customer solutions in a smart way. Without the Open source culture, we would just have a set of monopolies, creating what can be termed as â€Å"Feudalism in Softwareâ€Å". Understanding and applying this new culture to competitiveness means dispelling the cultural inertia. Collectively, these examples suggest a range of ways in which peer production creates value and competitive advantage. Challenges to the Open Source culture: Critics of Open Source culture have always argued that it will no longer be clear who owns what or how individuals and companies will profit from their creations. The challenge lies how does a company manage its information sensitive resources in a way it does give enough freedom to the user to expand his horizons. But also keeps the essential features with the company itself so as to benefit from it. The pioneer of the Apache web server – which currently powers 70 percent of all Web sites – Brian Behlendorf did not make a dime off it! But truly speaking, the inventors never intended to make money out of it. Thus embracing this new culture of Open Source means new ways of wealth creation, new ways to innovate and developing software at an accelerated rate. B. Proprietary or Closed Source System: Another approach for providing software solution is Closed source or proprietary system. It could be defined as â€Å"a system in which the specifications are kept proprietary or closed to prevent third party hardware of software to be used. It has a restriction on copying and modification. Restriction could be either legal or technical. Legal restriction is like software licensing, copyrights etc. Technical restrictions are usually implemented by releasing only machine readable format instead of complete source code. â€Å" The following below listed points lists down its various features which in turn affects software development. †¢Innovation driven by motivation – As opposed to an open source project a closed source initiative generates more revenues due to licensing, patents of software etc. Over a long term higher revenue implies having a dedicated team of developers motivated which otherwise becomes difficult in open source as it’s not a money spinner. Mission critical projects – Traditionally open source software are considered to be more secure as the source code is reviewed by thousands of tech savvy developers. Though this holds true in many cases but still mission and time critical projects prefer a closed source. Any tweak in that code can cost severe damage to the society and country. For example software of a jet liner or a nuclear reactor has to be a closed source. It simply cannot be risked to use an open source for them. †¢Stable development environment – Closed source projects are usually developed in a stable environment. It has enough potential in it o take all the variables into consideration and tie it all together so that it just acts as a piece of hardware. A closed source initiative iphone has had only one release till now whereas linux has had hundreds of upgrades. The environment is turbulent for open source initiatives to focus on its criteria †¢Contractual agreement – Before opting for a closed source solution a potential client has to make a decision about the money to be spent and the amount of transparency they require. A closed source will tie them with an agreement; they won’t have any access to the source code as well. Vendor support – Proprietary software provides proper vendor support, they ge nerally have a dedicated helpdesk assigned to address public queries and issues. Proprietary solution also comes along with proper documentation as well which helps the customers to do some debugging themselves and also makes them aware of the different features and configuration of the system. The vendor is bound by contractual agreement to provide adequate documentation and support †¢Better life cycle – Closed source projects usually have a better development life cycle. It has a dedicated team of developers working towards a common goal. They also have a separate test labs to ensure performance and functionality of the application. This difference becomes more glaring when the code grows to millions of lines; it becomes difficult for naked eye to identify and fix a problem and adjudicate the effect of that fix on other portions of code. It requires proper automated debugging tool. This kind of a setup is difficult for an open source company to acquire. †¢Security – Being transparent causes open source system to be more secured as it is reviewed by thousands of developers but being obscure provides a different kind of a security to closed source system. It protects the codes from potential hackers. They are not able to read the code and figure out the loop holes. Take the example of an anti virus software. If the source code of that is released for everyone to review the hackers and virus programs will just paralyse the entire computer industry. †¢User interface requirement – A project which requires a good and intuitive interface should go for a proprietary product. Especially if the users are not that well versed with the computer culture. We can take the example of Windows or MAC OS which automatically creates a wow from the user just because of their user friendliness. Even for a novice user they are not that hard to figure out. Now compare this to a KDE or Gnome shell which might make a new user scratch their head off. Precisely because of this UNIX is more used at the back end. †¢Driven by an end target – A project developed in closed source is usually with a end goal in mind. They align all there activities towards achieving the end result. For open source products there is a tendency of the developers to code keeping themselves in mind. They don’t consider that whatever is intuitive to them may not be to others. Budget constraint – A closed source initiative have a finite amount of budget, depending upon the intermediate milestones achieved, political acumen of the project lead that can vary whereas an open source initiative depends on how much time its developers can dedicate. For long running projects with no real monetary benefit it becomes difficult to keep the developers interested. †¢Scheduling – Clos ed source projects have predefined schedules which may be altered according to market conditions or to coincide with any event. Strategic marketing – A proprietary software has a separate marketing team looking in to build the hype and increasing the curiosity of the potential customers. It gives sort of a head start to such projects. †¢Organisational limitations – A proprietary product can suffer from organisational limitations. In a corporate environment there are a lot of senior management level people making decisions on the behalf of the developers. The framework to use, the language to code in, data base to use, architecture to be followed. The developers are stuck with the choice that has been made on their behalf. Quality of resource – A developer working on a closed source project might have been chosen for reasons other than technical skills. The reason maybe the seniority of the resource, their relationship with a top management official etc. Thi s problem is usually not observed in a resource working on an open source project as most of the resources themselves have self volunteered for work. It mostly consists of motivated workforce who works for fame rather than money. †¢User limitations – Commercial or closed source products tends to balance the demand of its user base with the goal of increasing shareholders value. They tend to view things from the profit perspective. Their end motive is to generate revenue for the company whereas open source developers are free from this restriction and can concentrate on satisfying the needs of its user base. Their approach is non-commercial in nature. †¢Market limitations – Being profit minded; closed source organisations tend to include a lot of features on their product just to attract potential client. With time, the point of interest can shift towards those additional features which may not necessarily be part of original requirement. This may incur additional time and money. External factors affecting the end goal – There maybe other external factors apart from the user requirement which may change the features or the way a product is supposed to work. There might be constraint to be backward compatible or to be compatible from other applications from the same stable or a top management thinks otherwise of the way the software is supp osed to work. ? 3. References 1. Wikinomics – Dan Tapscott and Anthony Williams 2. The IT Revolution in India – F. C. Kohli 3. The World is Flat – Thomas L. Friedman 4. Dreaming with BRICs: The path to 2050. A Global Economics paper by Roopa Purushottam and Dominic Wilson How to cite Software-Effect of Cultural Differences, Papers

Character Analysis of Katniss Everdeen, the Hunger Games free essay sample

Being very resourceful is one of her many traits. Katniss is a skilled hunter and tracker, and has excellent skills and ability with her weapons. She spends most of her days steeling eggs from nests, catching fish, and sometimes managing to get squirrels or rabbits. She was also able to distinguish which plants were dangerous and which were edible to help her family to survive. One thing that can be said about Katniss is that she is brave. She faces every challenge that is thrown out her with courage. She is often very afraid, but her bravery wins out. This is how she was able to get through the Hunger Games. Without her bravery, she would have died early on. She was not afraid to stand up to those who mocked her, and she risked her life to bring Peeta something that would help him when he was injured, even though it was dangerous. We will write a custom essay sample on Character Analysis of Katniss Everdeen, the Hunger Games or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She was unafraid to challenge and kill if she needed to. On another note, Katniss is also stubborn. She sneaks under the fences meant to contain the citizens in her District. She hunts in the forest, which is illegal. She also trades her things in the black market. She carries her stubbornness to the Hunger Games, even though she is not the smartest competitor, she is clever and determined to survive. She does not agree with much that the Capitol offers, but she agrees to play their games, but by her own rules. In Conclusion, Katniss proves her bravery and intelligence with her resources and herself, and wins the Hunger Games competition. At the end Peeta and Katniss finished together both being from the same District. They got pampered with all the ridiculous fame and publicity the Capitol gave them. The two love birds got to go back home together, and be with their families.

Prestige Telephone free essay sample

Prestige Telephone Company BY mtssnik2362 Scott Johnson, Nicole Phillips, Ashton Shuler, Brandy Watts February 25th, 2014 Group Contributions Responded to all texts, discussion boards, and emails Participated in online chat and conference call Answered question 3 Provided the framework of how the case would be set up Suggested new ideas for later projects on how to discuss our topic Answered question 2 Set up a conference call, but we could not all attend, so we decided on a later time Came up with the idea we all should write a short conclusion for each question to make it easier to write a bigger one at the end of the case Answered question 4 Formatted the case into the format needed Set up the FaceBook message we used to check in with each other and share ideas Answered question 1 Set up a conference call where we confirmed what question each person would answer Made sure everyone was up to speed on what the individual expectations of the group would be QUESTIONS 1 . We will write a custom essay sample on Prestige Telephone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) Appraise the results of operations of Prestige Data Services. Is the subsidiary really a problem to Prestige Telephone Company? Consider carefully the differences between reported costs and costs relevant for decisions that Daniel Rowe is onsidering. In deciding whether Prestige Data Services is a problem to Prestige Telephone Company, we must look at the benetl ts and costs that are associated with company as a whole and as separate functioning parts. While the subsidiary looks to show a loss while standing on its own, it was initially created to provide services to the parent company. The benefits that it provides to the parent company allow them to operate at a lower cost of service. When we look at the shared costs that the data company and the telephone company have (accounting, payroll, etc) we have to emember that if the data company was not there, the costs of the shared services would be completely associated to the telephone company. Also, the services that the data company provides are at a much lower cost to the telephone company. It is hard to look at the activities in the two companies separately because they are dependent upon one another for services and that is why the subsidiary was created initially. Prestige Data Services allows Prestige Telephone Services to reduce their costs in two ways shared expenses and reduced supply chain costs. From this point of view, the ubsidiary is not a problem for the parent company; it is a benefit to them. 2. ) Assuming the company demand for service will average 205 hours per month, what level of commercial sales of computer use would be necessary to break even each month?

Biography of Matthew Henson

Biography of Matthew Henson In 1908 explorer Robert Peary set out to reach the North Pole. His mission began with 24 men, 19 sledges and 133 dogs. By April of the following year, Peary had four men, 40 dogs and his most trusted and loyal team member- Matthew Henson. As the team trudged through the Arctic, Peary said, â€Å"Henson must go all the way. I can’t make it there without him.† On April 6, 1909, Peary and Henson became the first men in history to reach the North Pole. Achievements   Credited with being the first African-American to reach the North Pole with Peary explorer in 1909.Published A Black Explorer at the North Pole in 1912.Appointed to the US Customs House in recognition of Henson’s Arctic travels by former President William Howard Taft.Recipient of the Joint Medal of Honor by US Congress in 1944.Admitted to the Explorer’s Club, a professional organization dedicated to honoring the work of men and women conducting field research.Interred in Arlington National Cemetery in 1987  by former President Ronald Reagan.Commemorated with a US Postage Stamp in 1986 for his work as an explorer. Early Life Henson was born Matthew Alexander Henson in Charles County, Md. On August 8, 1866. His parents worked as sharecroppers. Following the death of his mother in 1870, Henson’s father moved the family to Washington D.C. By Henson’s tenth birthday, his father also died, leaving him and his siblings as orphans. At the age of eleven, Henson ran away from home and within a year he was working on a ship as a cabin boy. While working on the ship, Henson became the mentee of Captain Childs, who taught him not only to read and write but also navigation skills. Henson returned to Washington D.C. after Childs’ death and worked with a furrier. While working with the furrier, Henson met Peary who would enlist Henson’s services as a valet during travel expeditions. Life As an Explorer   Peary and Henson embarked on an expedition of Greenland in 1891. During this time period, Henson became interested in learning about Eskimo culture. Henson and Peary spent two years in Greenland, learning the language and various survival skills that Eskimos used. For the next several years Henson would accompany Peary on several expeditions to Greenland to collect meteorites which were sold to the American Museum of Natural History. The proceeds of Peary and Henson’s findings in Greenland would fund expeditions as they tried to reach the North Pole. In 1902, the team attempted to reach the North Pole only to have several Eskimo members die from starvation. But by 1906 with the financial support of former President Theodore Roosevelt, Peary and Henson were able to purchase a vessel that could cut through ice. Although the vessel was able to sail within 170 miles of the North Pole, melted ice blocked the sea path in the direction of the North Pole. Two years later, the team took another chance at reaching the North Pole. By this time, Henson was able to train other team members on sled handling and other survival skills learned from Eskimos. For a year, Henson stayed with Peary as other team members gave up.   And on April 6, 1909, Henson, Peary, four Eskimos and 40 dogs reached the North Pole. Later Years Although reaching the North Pole was a great feat for all team member, Peary received credit for the expedition. Henson’s  was almost forgotten because he was an African-American. For the next thirty years, Henson worked in the US Customs office as a clerk. In 1912 Henson published his memoir Black Explorer at the North Pole. Later in life, Henson was acknowledged for his work as an explorer- he was granted membership to the elite Explorer’s Club in New York. In 1947 the Chicago Geographic Society awarded Henson with a gold medal. That same year, Henson collaborated with Bradley Robinson to write his biography Dark Companion. Personal Life Henson married Eva Flint in April of 1891. However, Henson’s constant travels caused the couple to divorce six years later. In 1906 Henson married Lucy Ross and their union lasted until his death in 1955. Although the couple never had children, Henson had many sexual relationships with Eskimo  women. From one of these relationships, Henson bore a son named Anauakaq around 1906. In 1987, Anauakaq met the descendants of Peary. Their reunion is well documented in the book, North Pole Legacy: Black, White, and Eskimo. Death Henson died on March 5, 1955, in New York City. His body was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx. Thirteen years later, his wife Lucy also died and she was buried with Henson. In 1987 Ronald Reagan honored the life and work of Henson by having his body re-interred at Arlington National Cemetery.

A School for My Village

Kaguri tells his story of how he overcame tremendous odds on building a tuition-free school for HIV/AIDS orphans in his home village of Nyakagyezi, Uganda. This amazing story combines his own story of growing up in Nyaka, the events that led him promoter for HIV/AIDS, and his journey toward founding/ developing the school. Growing up in rural Uganda, Kaguri lived on his family’s small farm and often-worked long hours for his father. His parents were barely able to send him to college with the little money that they had saved, but Kaguri overcame the odds and eventually became a visiting scholar at Columbia University in New York City. He overcame poverty to earn a degree and worked as a human rights advocate. When he returned to his village in Uganda with his wife after earning his degree, the number of orphans who were the victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic overwhelmed him with dissatisfaction, so he vowed to open the first tuition-free school in the district for these innocent children who desperately needed it. Faced with many daunting obstacles, including little money, skepticism among friends in both the U. S. and Uganda, corrupt school inspectors, and a lack of supplies, he and his wife doggedly built one classroom after another until they had an accredited primary school filled with students dreaming of becoming the future doctors, teachers, lawyers, engineers, and even presidents of Uganda. This inspiring story is a very heart warming one that makes you realize how lucky you actually are for the life that you have and the amount of opportunities you can get that you are able to succeed in. This story really teaches you to not be selfish and I believe that is an important aspect that every human being needs to learn better. Who knew one person could make such an impact on so many lives for the better? Kaguri answered that question on a whole new level with his actions that he had completed and been successful in. A School For My Village teaches readers that anything is possible if you put hard work into it. It also teaches you to never give up no matter how many things are not in your favor or working in your manor. Kaguri did not want the children of his hometown to be held back because of the opportunities/ learning utensils that they did not have, so he found a way to give them what they need in order to be successful. Those heroic efforts accomplished by Kaguri are truly unbelievable and definitely need to be known throughout the world. A School for My Village Kaguri tells his story of how he overcame tremendous odds on building a tuition-free school for HIV/AIDS orphans in his home village of Nyakagyezi, Uganda. This amazing story combines his own story of growing up in Nyaka, the events that led him promoter for HIV/AIDS, and his journey toward founding/ developing the school. Growing up in rural Uganda, Kaguri lived on his family’s small farm and often-worked long hours for his father. His parents were barely able to send him to college with the little money that they had saved, but Kaguri overcame the odds and eventually became a visiting scholar at Columbia University in New York City. He overcame poverty to earn a degree and worked as a human rights advocate. When he returned to his village in Uganda with his wife after earning his degree, the number of orphans who were the victims of the HIV/AIDS epidemic overwhelmed him with dissatisfaction, so he vowed to open the first tuition-free school in the district for these innocent children who desperately needed it. Faced with many daunting obstacles, including little money, skepticism among friends in both the U. S. and Uganda, corrupt school inspectors, and a lack of supplies, he and his wife doggedly built one classroom after another until they had an accredited primary school filled with students dreaming of becoming the future doctors, teachers, lawyers, engineers, and even presidents of Uganda. This inspiring story is a very heart warming one that makes you realize how lucky you actually are for the life that you have and the amount of opportunities you can get that you are able to succeed in. This story really teaches you to not be selfish and I believe that is an important aspect that every human being needs to learn better. Who knew one person could make such an impact on so many lives for the better? Kaguri answered that question on a whole new level with his actions that he had completed and been successful in. A School For My Village teaches readers that anything is possible if you put hard work into it. It also teaches you to never give up no matter how many things are not in your favor or working in your manor. Kaguri did not want the children of his hometown to be held back because of the opportunities/ learning utensils that they did not have, so he found a way to give them what they need in order to be successful. Those heroic efforts accomplished by Kaguri are truly unbelievable and definitely need to be known throughout the world.

History and Political Science. Examine the roles of men and women in Essay

History and Political Science. Examine the roles of men and women in fascist Germany - Essay Example Men were always superior with male children occupying higher pedestals than their female counterparts. Women in Germany did not hold any property rights and even upon the death of their husbands they could not inherit anything and were required to find a male guardian to care for her children. This discrimination was based on the premises that women were more emotional than men and hence their intellectual capacities were limited by their emotional nature. They were even discriminated by their men counterparts in the church who considered them weak to the temptations of the flesh because of emotions . Though church men felt that the women should be excluded from the church, they were allowed to participate in some religious ceremonies but were excluded on other activities like singing. Overtime, women gained several milestones and they started gaining little education which men felt allowed them to be better mothers and cooks. World War 1 thrust women into men roles and they excelled in the home fronts carrying out gender roles traditionally performed by men. Under the Weimar republic (1919-1933), women were given more freedom which enabled them to accomplish many goals previously under the male domain. The Weimar republic made secondary requirement a right for women in 1920 where women were officially allowed to vote. ... They believed that men were productive and creative in the spheres of politics and war whereas women were emotional and reproductive suitable for maintaining homes and the family. German women were expected to follow the "kinder, kirche und kuche" (children, kitchen, and church)4 philosophy. This foundation was the premises in which women conducts were expected to follow, and any deviants were frowned upon. The Nazi regime made women believe that through submissiveness, domesticity, and mother hood they were developing their nation and their own selves but in reality the Nazi regime wanted the men to completely oppress the women. Though not all women supported their restriction to gender roles, many women welcomed the Nazi regimes move as good for the family. The fascist Nazi regime philosophies and ideals significantly changed the employment landscape, with many intelligent women doctors, teachers, civil servants and lawyers being summarily dismissed leaving very few women professio nals. The fields left vacant by women in the professional field were filled by similarly qualified men of German origin and because women and other non German population were not formally recognized as true Germans unemployment in the German states declined sharply. The Nazi regime under Hitler expected all German men to obtain an income through hard work. They organized their finances and funded a large program for work creation. Men were sent through the National Labour Service to work in public works and conservation projects which were primarily focused on building highly networked motorways, railways lines, and reclamation projects5. Through highly developed industrialization plans aimed at rearmament, Hitler introduced

Talk team uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Talk team uk - Essay Example Accordingly, such noticeable motivations are habitually planned at the organizational level, since they are largely outside the control of departmental managers. Conversely, intrinsic motivation involves rewards that mainly resonates around psychological motivations such as the opportunity to use an individual’s ability, a sense of challenge and achievement, getting appreciation, progressive recognition, and being treated in a considerate and respectful manner. An intrinsically motivated individual, according to ( Walker, 2011) a worker is more committed to his work to the degree to which the job inherently covers tasks that are gratifying to him or her. As such, an extrinsically motivated person is more likely to be committed only to the extent that he gains or receives external rewards for job done. Further, he suggested that for an employee to be motivated in a work environment, there must be requirement that the individual needs to perceive as a possibility of full filling through some reward. Thus, if the reward is intrinsic to the job, such desire or motivation is equally intrinsic. However, if the reward is labelled to be external to the job, the motivation is accordingly described as extrinsic. On this light, good remuneration has been found over the years to be one of the major strategies the organization may embrace an approach to increase their workers performance and at the same increase the organizations productivity. Similarly, with the present global economic trend, most employers of labor have realized the fact that for their organizations to compete favorably, the performance of their employees goes a long way in determining the success of the organization. On the other hand, performance of employees in any organization is important not only for the development of the organization itself but also for the growth of an individual employee. Thus, a firm ought to understand its best workers, those employees that need additional training and those employees not contributing to the efficiency and welfare of the company or organization (Anon., 2013). Equally, performance on the job ought to be assessed at all levels of employment including: personnel decision connecting to promotion, job rotation, and job enrichments among others. Accordingly, such assessment are founded on independent and systematic principles, which includes elements significant to an individual’s ability to perform on the job. Therefore, the overall purpose of performance appraisal is to deliver an accurate measure of how productive a person is executing the task or job they are assigned. Indeed, based on this information, decisions at Talk Team UK ought to be made with an objective of affecting the future of the individual employee and the firm in general. Therefore, a thoughtful evaluation of this firm and its employees performances uncovers the existing weak-nesses or deficiencies in a specific job skill, knowledge, or zones where motivation is missing. As such, since they have been identified, these deficiencies should be remedied through additional training or the provision of the needed rewards and they may take the shape of the following recommendations: Pay Issues: In the business world it is understood that remuneration is the foremost aspect in workers motivation. At Talk Team UK, this has not been the practice since it is a fact that workers are paid at the minimum wage of ?6.08 per hour in addition to the

Pinkie and Evil Essay Example for Free

Pinkie and Evil Essay Graham Greene, a devote Catholic and author of Brighton Rock, centers his novel on the religious, metaphysical concepts of good verses evil. We, as readers, are overwhelmed with the presence of evil and its power to manipulate the good, as shown especially through the protagonist, Pinkie. It is ironic that Pinkie is Catholic, for he embodies everything that is evil, sinister, and hellish. Pinkie, a gang leader, a sociopath, and a teenage devil, exemplifies evil within the novel. The physical appearance of Pinkie shows how evilness is imbedded within his being. When we are first introduced to him, he is physically described as having a â€Å"face of starved intensity, a kind of hideous and unnatural pride† (Greene 5). This description is reminiscent of the lack of emotions Pinkie holds and his sociopathical intentions. It shows how he is hungry for something and holds an abnormally strong feeling of personal worth with a strong sense of arrogance. Greene continues on in saying that â€Å"his grey eyes had an effect of the heartlessness like an old man’s in which human feeling [have] died† (6). Grey is a bland, emotionless color often associated with mourning and mystery. Many believe that the eyes are, in fact, the windows to the soul. With Pinkie’s grey eyes, we gain an extension of his lack of feeling and are left wondering if there is a true soul buried in him. This lack of emotion aids to his inner evilness. Lastly, Greene characterizes Pinkie as a snake: â€Å"The Boy retorted with sudden venom† (53). The snake is the animal most associated with the Devil. They represent all that is evil, dangerous, and deceitful, characteristics reminiscent of Pinkie himself. Pinkie’s strong dislike of women shows his intolerance for other humans, therefore adding to his inner wickedness. The presence of a woman triggers a build up of anger within Pinkie, emphasizing his bigotry of others. For example, when he first hears Ida singing, he watches her with â€Å"an expression of furious distaste† (6). Although she is a beautiful, busty woman, Pinkie feels nothing but dissatisfaction and anger towards Ida. He eventually drops and shatters his glass in reaction to his irritation at Ida. Along with the mere presence of a female, Pinkie is disgusted by the idea of sexual contact and abhors sex itself. Upon looking at Rose and her skin, he can only react with â€Å"a prick of sexual desire [that] disturbed him like a sickness† (130). Observing a woman’s body only causes him to cringe and feel ill. Other than simply his distaste for a woman, this is partly triggered by the fact he saw his parents engaging in sexual activities as a child. Regardless, he is born of unloving circumstances, unable to feel or give love. Lacking the ability to engage in sexual activities or to love another sparks a nerve in the evilness that embodies Pinkie. He is often dominating and threatening towards female characters as a sort of defense mechanism. Just as his hatred for others adds to his evil nature, Pinkie’s fascination with pain and death does as well. In the beginning of the novel, Pinkie, himself, brutally murders Hale in revenge for Kite’s death. Being the leader of gang, Pinkie is constantly surrounded by death. In one instance, Pinkie inflicts pain on and kill an insect: â€Å"He pulled off the legs and wings one by one† (134). The drawn out description of picking off each leg one at a time emphasizes his ruthlessness. While he picks off the legs, he does so while saying â€Å"she loves me, she loves me not† (134). Most people would use flowers for this chant, thus emphasizing his diabolicalness and highlighting his evil nature. He only gains satisfaction out of things that cause pain, such as vitriol, a deadly acid. On the contrary to his indifference to sexual satisfaction, he even gains pleasure while alone with a bottle of vitriol: â€Å"†¦just as the faint sensual pleasure he felt, touching the bottle of vitriol with his fingers†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (63). It is as if Pinkie is stroking an animal or pet. Pinkie gains pleasure in painful and deadly things, thus increasing his evil demeanor. Pinkie, a Roman-Catholic, believes hell is inevitable, and because of this knowledge, he chooses to befriend evil. Despite his religious upbringing, Pinkie radically changed into a more Atheist-prone attitude, stating â€Å"God couldn’t escape the evil mouth which chose to eat its own damnation† (259). He simply believed that the presence of a force like the devil could never be touched, even by God himself. Because he grew up in such unfathomable conditions, he has grown to view life as a living Hell; he has never experienced a slight sense of Heaven. He regards Hell as a â€Å"familiar room† (264), suggesting his familiarity to such dreadful, diabolical conditions. Succeeding Kite in the life of a gangster, he has come to be a more sadistic being, certain of his own damnation. â€Å"He spoke like a devil – he tempted her to virtue like a sin† (350). We see that Pinkie, embodying the Devil, chooses sin rather than virtue, tempting his peers with the same attitude. He influences Rose as far as suggesting she should kill herself, even offering her a gun to do so. Greene is effective in his use of characterization and imagery to create a character reminiscent of such evil. Pinkie epitomizes the evil in the novel. Greene epitomizes Pinkie’s evil nature like â€Å"poison twist[ing] in [his] veins† (121). Thus we see the evil instilled in him, yet he continuously allows it to contaminate himself like a disease. What Pinkie did not comprehend, and Greene’s main theme, was that no matter how evil or how seemingly damned one may be, you have the opportunity to redeem yourself.

David Fincher’s Fight Club Essay -- David Fincher’s Fight Club

David Fincher’s â€Å"Fight Club† In David Fincher’s â€Å"Fight Club† a man battles within himself to live a life he has always dared to live, but in the end when everything is taken to the extreme, he realizes it’s too late to change what he has done. He struggles with the social structure due to his realization that he is in fact powerless in today’s society. He is constantly fighting his alter personality Tyler Durden for control of not only himself but also the world around them. He sees Marla as the lie that exists within himself and despises her for it. Fincher implies that sometimes people have to completely free themselves of their materialistic ideals in order to truly be free. Fincher also suggests that in some cases the absence of a male father figure have lead to instability and the creation of Mr. Hyde. The setting is one marked with desire for an awakening to the world around us. The fact that the protagonist does not have a name is because he represents anyone and everyone in today’s society he could even be named Jack. The opening views inside Jack’s brain are dark with flashes of fear for his very existence. The city view at night is the dark materialistic civilization in which we live. Bob (the man with breasts) is his missing family that isn’t there to hold him. The wet face on Bob’s shirt resembling a face is Jack, giving himself and opening up to Bob. In the beginning, there are several subliminal images of Tyler; this is in fact a manifestation of his subc... David Fincher’s Fight Club Essay -- David Fincher’s Fight Club David Fincher’s â€Å"Fight Club† In David Fincher’s â€Å"Fight Club† a man battles within himself to live a life he has always dared to live, but in the end when everything is taken to the extreme, he realizes it’s too late to change what he has done. He struggles with the social structure due to his realization that he is in fact powerless in today’s society. He is constantly fighting his alter personality Tyler Durden for control of not only himself but also the world around them. He sees Marla as the lie that exists within himself and despises her for it. Fincher implies that sometimes people have to completely free themselves of their materialistic ideals in order to truly be free. Fincher also suggests that in some cases the absence of a male father figure have lead to instability and the creation of Mr. Hyde. The setting is one marked with desire for an awakening to the world around us. The fact that the protagonist does not have a name is because he represents anyone and everyone in today’s society he could even be named Jack. The opening views inside Jack’s brain are dark with flashes of fear for his very existence. The city view at night is the dark materialistic civilization in which we live. Bob (the man with breasts) is his missing family that isn’t there to hold him. The wet face on Bob’s shirt resembling a face is Jack, giving himself and opening up to Bob. In the beginning, there are several subliminal images of Tyler; this is in fact a manifestation of his subc...

Hello Inc.

Chevron Corporation United States http://database. iprofile. net/company/Chevron_Corporation/companyOverview. html 1 Contents @ 2012 iProfile. All Rights Reserved. Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps TABLE OF CONTENTS Chevron Corporation Corporate Overview Company Profile 6 Stock Performance Analysis 7 Org Charts & Contacts Executive Management 9 Senior IT Management 12 IT Management, Enterprise Architecture 14 IT Management, Strategy, Planning & Projects 16 Executive Management, Chevron Oronite Company 18 Executive Management, Chevron Venture Capital 9 Executive Management, Chevron Australia 20 Contacts Table 22 Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT & Executive Biographies 32 IT Executive Interviews 46 2 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps TABLE OF CONTENTS Chevron Corporation Patricia Yarrington 46 John Watson 47 Gary Luquette 48 IT Executive Presentations 49 J. P. Morgan Oil & Gas Conference: Global LNG 49 Australia Investor Meetings 50 UBS Global Oil & Gas Conference 2012 51 2012 UBS Thailand Natural Gas Field Trip 52 Credit Suisse Energy Summit 2012 53 Barclays Capital CEO Energy/Power Conference 4 IT Infrastructure & Applications Technology Implementations 56 QuantumRD 60 ThinManager 61 McLaren Enterprise Engineer 62 3 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps TABLE OF CONTENTS Chevron Corporation EnterpriseWizard 63 NRX Asset Information Management 64 Microsoft SQL Server 65 Wonderware IntelaTrac 66 OpenWorks R5000 67 CartoPac Field Server 68 Windows 69 IT Footprint and Budget 70 4 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps CORPORATE OVERVIEW Chevron Corporation 5 Corporate Corporate OverviewOrg Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps Chevron Corporation Headquarters Contact Information 6001 Bollinger Canyon Road San Ramon, California 94583 United States Phone: +1-925-842-1000 http://www. chevron. com Employees: 61000 D-U-N-S ® Number: 001382555 SIC: 2911 D-U-N-S is a registered trademark of the Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. and its affiliates. Financial Performance Company Profile Chevron Corporation is one of the world's leading integrated energy companies (#2 in the US behind Exxon Mobil), with proved reserves of some 11. 2 billion barrels of oil equivalent and a daily production of 2. million barrels. The company operates in the world’s most important oil and gas regions, and is a leader in refining, fuels, lubricants and additives. Chevron's interests range from chemical production and mining to energy research and nanoscience. Along with a range of power facilities, the company is also the world’s largest producer of geothermal energy. Chevron, which is restructuring its refinery and retail businesses to cut costs, owns or has stakes in some 8,200 g as stations in the US that operate under the Chevron and Texaco brands. Outside the US, the company owns or has stakes in almost 9,700 gas stations.It also owns 50% of chemicals concern Chevron Phillips Chemical. Sales by Division 6 Corporate Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps Chevron Corporation Stock Performance Analysis Compared to Index of Peers & Competitors 12 Months 5 Years 7 Corporate Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation 8 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive ManagementChief Executive Officer & Chairman Biography Paul Bennett Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 James Blackwell Matthew Foehr Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-8 42-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-790-3434 John McDonald Joe Geagea Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Stephen Green George Kirkland Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Chief Governance Officer & Corporate Secretary Executive Vice President, Technology & Services Chief Technology Officer & Vice President Vice President & Comptroller President, Chevron Gas & Midstream & Corporate†¦ BiographyExecutive Vice President, Upstream & Gas & Vice†¦ Presentation Vice President, Policy, Government & Public Affairs Vice President & Treasurer Presentation Biography Lydia Beebe Biography Biography Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Interview Biography John Watson 9 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive Management (II) Chief Executive Officer & Chairman Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Roy Krzywosinski Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +61 -8-9216-4000 Joe Laymon Wesley Lohec Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Gary Luquette Sandy Macfarlane Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Melody Meyer Hewitt Pate melody. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Interview Vice President, Human Resources, Medical & Security President, Chevron North America Exploration &†¦ President, Chevron Asia Pacific Exploration &†¦ Managing Director, Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. Vice President, Health, Environment & Safety General Tax Counsel Biography Biography Presentation Biography President, Chevron Oronite Company LLC Presentation Ronald Kiskis Interview Biography John WatsonVice President & General Counsel 10 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive Management (III) Chief Executive Officer & Chairman Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Rebecc a Roberts [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Corp Tele: +1-713-432-6000 Chuck Taylor Trond Unneland chuck. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Biography Jay Pryor Corp Tele: +1-713-954-6000 Michael Wirth Patricia Yarrington Corp Tele: +44-1224-334-000 Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Vice President, Business DevelopmentVice President, Strategic Planning Vice President & Managing Executive, Chevron†¦ Chief Financial Officer & Vice President Interview Executive Vice President, Downstream & Chemicals†¦ President, Chevron Pipe Line Company Biography Biography Interview Biography John Watson Rhonda Zygocki Executive Vice President, Policy and Planning Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 11 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Senior IT Management Biography John McDonald Chief Technology Officer & Vice President Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000Cor p Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-4750 Lynn Chou Biography ahmed. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-1043 Denise Coyne General Manager, Technology Management &†¦ General Manager, Process Applications & Data Biography Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-4100 or +1-925-842-7212 Gilles Eberhard General Manager, IT Strategy, Planning & Project†¦ gilles. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Louie Ehrlich President, Chevron Information Technology†¦ Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-790-3412 Jim Green Chief Information Officer & General Manager†¦ [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Biography Biography lynn. [email  protected] com Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Chief Information Officer, Corporate Department†¦ Biography Peter Breunig Head, R&D, Energy Technology Biography Ahmed Badruzzaman Karen Grote Chief Information Officer, Global Marketing Corp Tele: +1-925-842-1000 Direct Tele: +1-925-842-4930 12 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Senior IT Management (II) Biography John McDonald Chief Technology Officer & Vice President Richard Jackson aul. 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Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Colin Beckett Rick Biddle Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Kaye Butler Kevin Cunningham Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Brian Dalzell Peter Fairclough Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 David Fielder Gerry Flaherty Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000Corp Tele: +61-8-9216-4000 General Manager, Greater Gorgon Area General Manager, Human Resources Manager, Finance Manager, Operational Excellence, Health†¦ General Manager, Operations General Manager, Policy, Government & Public†¦ Planning Manager General M anager, Asset Development 20 Corporate Overview Org Charts & Contacts Bios, Interviews & Presentations IT Infrastructure & Apps ORG CHARTS AND CONTACTS Chevron Corporation full org charts Executive Management, Chevron Australia (II) Presentation Roy Krzywosinski Managing Director, Chevron Australia Pty Ltd. 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Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia occurs in about 1 out of 500 African American births, and 1 out of 36,000 Hispanic births. It is a lifelong disease, and sometime can be deadly. According to Dr. Whittaker, in our region there are abnormally higher cases of Sickle Cell Anemia, so I found it important to learn more about the disease, what cause it, what are the symptoms as well as the options of treatments for this disease. According to www. invista. com, it is believed that sickle cell disease occurs more often in people from parts of the world where â€Å"malaria† is or was common. Also the coincident of people who carry the sickle cell trait are less likely to catch malaria make a lot of us wonder of these two diseases are associated. â€Å"In the 1940s, E. A. Beet, a British medical officer stationed in Northern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), observed that blood from malaria patients who had sickle cell trait had fewer malarial parasites than blood from patients without the trait. † ( innvista) There are researchers have came up with several links between the two diseases. Malaria† is caused by a type of parasite that completes its life cycle in human’s red blood cell. This parasite enters the bloodstream with the aid of a female (Anopheles) mosquito. With individual who has Sickle Cell Anemia, the red blood cell break down when infected with this parasite disallow the development of the â€Å"malaria† parasite. There are others explanation such as: Hb S in Sickle Cell individual leads to the polymerization of hemoglobin and this prevent the parasite from ingest the hemoglobin which it needs for its life cycle, therefore the parasite get destroyed. Also the parasites of â€Å"Malaria† need oxygen for their development however a patient with Sickle Cell Anemia can’t provide them just that, therefore they cannot continue their life cycle. There are still questions regarding the relationship between Sickle Cell Anemia and â€Å"malaria†, but the explanations offered are quite interested. Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherit disease. An individual who has two copies of the trait will inherit Sickle Cell Anemia from the parents. Those people who only have one copy of this trait will become a carrier for Sickle Cell Anemia, and if their husband or wife also a carrier, the disease will keep passing on. â€Å"In Sickle Cell Anemia, the havoc caused by the abnormal hemoglobin s (HbS), results from a change in just one of the 146 amino acids in a beta chain of the globin molecule†( Marieb 642). It is amazing how one tiny change in our body can has such dramatic effect, but on the other hand they all possible; human’s body is extremely complex. The disease has to do with the protein hemoglobin found in human red blood cell. A normal person’s red blood cell has a round, doughnut shape without the whole in the middle; however a sickled red blood cell will take on a crested moon shape, and these sickled cells are fragile and prone to rupture. The normal life span of a healthy red blood cell is about 120 days before spleen takes out the bad ones and the bone marrow replace them. The sickle cells will go bad in only about 10 to 20 days. Imagine the spleen has to work extra hard to get rid of these bad blood cells, and with patients of sickle cell anemia about all of their hemoglobins are bad, therefore spleen has to take out all of them; that’s why these patients have to get their blood transfuse regularly. These sickled cells after got produced by red bone marrow can go back and forth between being normally shaped and sickle shaped until they eventually become sickle shaped permanently. And Instead of moving through the bloodstream easily like normal red blood cells, these sickle cells are very sticky and so they can clog blood vessels. These events interfere with oxygen delivery, leaving the victims gasping for air and extreme pain. Bone and chest pain are particularly severe, and infection and stroke are common sequels. † ( Marieb 642). Sickle cell anemia produces a chronic anemia which may become life- threatening when hemolytic crises, which is the breakdown of red blood cells, which is when bone m arrow fails to produce blood cells. These crises occur under condition of low oxygen, such as during intense exercises, masses of hemoglobin molecules in each red blood cell cut out its normal disk shape. For some individual the â€Å"crises† can last hours, days or even weeks; some has â€Å"crises† once a year, for others they occur way more often. There are several symptoms that can be diagnosed as soon as infant is four months old. â€Å"The clinical course of sickle cell anemia does not follow a single pattern; some patients have mild symptoms, and some have very severe symptoms. The basic problem, however, is the same: the sickle-shaped red blood cells tend to get stuck in narrow blood vessels, blocking the flow of blood† (Bownas, Jennifer). And they are: the period of pain (mentioned above), hand-foot syndrome ( babies with swollen hands and feet), jaundice (yellowish color found on the baby’s skin or/and in the white parts of their eyes), frequent infections, Delayed growth and puberty in children and often a slight build in adults. The slow rate of growth is caused by a shortage of red blood cells. There is also vision problem, because of the eyes not getting enough nourishment from circulating red blood cells, these types of damages can be serious enough to cause blindness if not discover on time. Sickle Cells Anemia is a disease with many complications, and all of them are dangerous for patient’s health. One of which is referred to as ERD (exercise-related death). This scenario happens when a patient with Sickle Cells Anemia attend into a lot of physical practice. â€Å"The possibility that previously healthy young people with sickle cell trait might suffer increased mortality from exercise was first suggested by observations of enlisted recruits in US Armed Forces basic training. A military trainee with Hb AS suffered exercise related hypernatremia during physical training in the field. He only survived a critical illness that included acute renal failure because of dialysis† (Kark, John). And also during that single summer, there were already four deaths among recruiting at this area, all of them were black and had Sickle Cells Anemia. So John Kark, whom is the author of this article, was very positive about the significant risk associate between Sickle Cells and ERD. And I think this is reasonable, because the nature of Sickle Cell Anemia is to decrease dramatically the amount of red blood cell circulating in the human’s body, which will cause the lack of oxygen in multiple organs and muscles in the body. And when an individual with Sickle Cell try so hard on these physical activities and keep pushing themselves forward, it’s hard to avoid damage to the body, which is very unfortunate. Another big complication with Sickle Cell Anemia is infections. Patients of this disease are extremely prone to infection due to their abnormal red blood cells. Recently the screening tests for Sickle Cell Anemia were required for newborns. Before this happen, 35% of infant with Sickle Cell died from infection. The most common bacteria that usually attack these infants are treptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenza which can cause pneumonia, blood infections, or meningitis). A death can occur to these infants only a few hours after the fever. Acute Chest Syndrome is also yet another dangerous complication of Sickle Cell Disease. It is the leading cause of illness among the Sickle Cell Anemia patients. â€Å"Pulmonary disease, manifested as the acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a common complication of sickle cell anemia. It is the second most common cause of hospitalization in persons with sickle cell anemia and accounts for 25% of premature deaths. † (Gladwin, Mark) ACS occurs when the lung tissues are starved for oxygen during a crisis. ACS can be caused from infection that lead us back to Sickle Cell Anemia, to blockage of blood vessels which also remind us of Sickle Cell disease, because of the sickle red blood cells with their crested moon shape, as mentioned earlier, instead of moving smoothly along the blood stream, these sickle cells are very sticky and tend to block the blood vessels. There are a few symptoms that can be recognized such as: high fever, rapid breathing, wheezing or cough, and finally acute chest pain. As of today, the only potential cure of Sickle Cell Anemia is bone marrow transplant. However according to the mayo clinic’s website, it is extremely difficult to find a matching donor and also, the procedure is very risky and can be life threatening. So for treating Sickle Cell Anemia, there are more aims to reduce the pain of the â€Å"crises†. As a result, treatment for sickle cell anemia is usually aimed at avoiding crises, relieving symptoms and preventing complications† (Mayo Clinic Staff). Sickle Cell Anemia victims always have to take antibiotics because of their sensitivity, they are prone for infection. Blood transfusion is an option, with this procedure the patient will get supplied with healthy red blood cells from donors, but this can also be risky, because the new red blood cells also carry with them irons, this can c ause excessive iron build up in patients’ body; so people who get blood transfusion also need others treatments to reduce iron level. A prescription drug called Hydroxyurea is usually used to treat cancer can be use in the severe case of Sickle Cell Anemia for adults; it reduces the frequency of painful crises and may reduce the need for blood transfusions. When one experience â€Å"crises†, it can be helpful to have supplemental oxygen, which provides extra oxygen and help breathing easier. Doctors and scientists still in the lab to experiment some more possible cure for Sickle Cell Anemia patients, hopefully they will be successful in finding a complete ure. Sickle Cell Anemia is a serious lifelong disease. It is hard to live with it, and it is just as hard to live with a loved one that has Sickle Cell Anemia. The â€Å"Health Education Research† of Oxford Journal has done a study on mothers who have children with Sickle Cells in Western Nigeria :â€Å" Financial stress and disease factors were met with confrontation, while family sources of stress were either complained about, accepted or avoided. (Olley, Lydia) Oxford Journal also mentioned that less educated family members (especially the mothers) get in more stress than others â€Å"Higherlevels of stress were associated with less educated and older women† (Olley, Lydia). Hopefully in the near future, there will be more education, counseling about Sickle Cell Anemia to everyone, so we can take care of the patients better, and bring better attitude and hope toward them, because I believe they need that the most especially from a family member. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects the 11th chromosome which is a hemoglobin gene. Hemoglobin is a protein located in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen through the body. This disorder is inherited from two parents with abnormal genes that are heterozygous (Rr). This means that both parents who have the trait may pass on the disorder to their offspring. The phenotype makeup is recessive. Those who inherit a normal copy of the chromosome 11 and a mutated chromosome will carry the trait, though would not show any symptoms. Normal red blood cells are soft and flexible to fit thought small vessels.Sickle cell anemia causes these blood cells to stiffen and curve, almost like a crescent moon. The abnormal cells (erythrocytes) become stuck and block a narrow vessel which disables oxygen to pass through and causes pain and damage to organs. Many organs such as the liver and spleen become damaged due to lack of oxygen. When the spleen becomes damaged, patience will ex perience many infections. Pain is also caused by the sickle blood cells becoming caught in vessels called crises. Jaundice (yellowness to eyes and skin) can occur in babies due to liver damage. Sickle cell anemia can be diagnosed by a simple blood test, mostly to newborns.The blood test given to those who weren’t tested at birth is called the hemoglobin electrophoresis. It determines if you have the disease or is a carrier of the trait. It can be treated by blood transfusions from a donor with healthy blood cells, or a bone marrow transplant. Some interesting facts are that: normal blood cells can live up to 120 days, but sickle blood cells live up to 10 to 20 days. When the red blood cells are damaged, the body kills the red blood cells off which causes chronic anemia. African Americans are mostly affected with this disease due to inter-marriage. in 12 African Americans have the trait and 1 in 500 actually have the disease. Also, Sickle cell anemia can be traced back to the Mediterranean and Middle East area. The humid, wet climate attracts mosquitos and the mosquitos transport malaria. Surprisingly, those with Sickle cell anemia are immune to malaria. The last interesting fact is that my mother is actually a carrier of the Sickle cell trait. My older sister and I weren’t affected of the trait because our father didn’t carry any defected chromosome. Unfortunately, my little sister, Joy, is also a carrier of the trait even though her father isn’t affected. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects the 11th chromosome which is a hemoglobin gene. Hemoglobin is a protein located in red blood cells (RBCs) that carries oxygen through the body. This disorder is inherited from two parents with abnormal genes that are heterozygous (Rr). This means that both parents who have the trait may pass on the disorder to their offspring. The phenotype makeup is recessive. Those who inherit a normal copy of the chromosome 11 and a mutated chromosome will carry the trait, though would not show any symptoms. Normal red blood cells are soft and flexible to fit thought small vessels.Sickle cell anemia causes these blood cells to stiffen and curve, almost like a crescent moon. The abnormal cells (erythrocytes) become stuck and block a narrow vessel which disables oxygen to pass through and causes pain and damage to organs. Many organs such as the liver and spleen become damaged due to lack of oxygen. When the spleen becomes damaged, patience will ex perience many infections. Pain is also caused by the sickle blood cells becoming caught in vessels called crises. Jaundice (yellowness to eyes and skin) can occur in babies due to liver damage. Sickle cell anemia can be diagnosed by a simple blood test, mostly to newborns.The blood test given to those who weren’t tested at birth is called the hemoglobin electrophoresis. It determines if you have the disease or is a carrier of the trait. It can be treated by blood transfusions from a donor with healthy blood cells, or a bone marrow transplant. Some interesting facts are that: normal blood cells can live up to 120 days, but sickle blood cells live up to 10 to 20 days. When the red blood cells are damaged, the body kills the red blood cells off which causes chronic anemia. African Americans are mostly affected with this disease due to inter-marriage. in 12 African Americans have the trait and 1 in 500 actually have the disease. Also, Sickle cell anemia can be traced back to the Mediterranean and Middle East area. The humid, wet climate attracts mosquitos and the mosquitos transport malaria. Surprisingly, those with Sickle cell anemia are immune to malaria. The last interesting fact is that my mother is actually a carrier of the Sickle cell trait. My older sister and I weren’t affected of the trait because our father didn’t carry any defected chromosome. Unfortunately, my little sister, Joy, is also a carrier of the trait even though her father isn’t affected.